The colony stimulating factor 1 ( CSF1), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( M-CSF), is a secreted cytokine which causes hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into macrophages or other related cell types. Eukaryotic cells also produce M-CSF in order to combat intercellular viral infection. It is one of the three experimentally described colony-stimulating factors. M-CSF binds to the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor. It may also be involved in development of the placenta.[
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Structure
M-CSF is a cytokine, being a smaller protein involved in cell signaling. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a disulfide-linked homodimer, and is thought to be produced by proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound precursors.[
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Four transcript variants encoding three different isoforms (a proteoglycan, glycoprotein and cell surface protein)
Function
M-CSF (or CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of monocytes, macrophages, and bone marrow progenitor cells.
M-CSF released by (as a result of endocrine stimulation by parathyroid hormone) exerts paracrine effects on .
Clinical significance
Locally produced M-CSF in the vessel wall contributes to the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
M-CSF has been described to play a role in renal pathology including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney failure.
As a drug target
PD-0360324 and MCS110 are CSF1 inhibitors in clinical trials for some cancers.[ Interest Builds in CSF1R for Targeting Tumor Microenvironment] See also CSF1R inhibitors.
Interactions
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor has been shown to interact with PIK3R2.
Further reading
External links
